Foliage is oval , dumb and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees maintain an tumid form . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is female . leafage is ellipse , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive commons . Trees maintain an erect shape . yield is pictorial redness .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is polish off the root pourboire of a new works to promote ramify . Doing this avoids the indigence for more serious pruning afterwards on .
cutting involve removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a industrial plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can dilute down on plant disease . The best elbow room to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased forest .
Shearing is level the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired form of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to regenerate its original grade and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the works as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , turn off back canes at various heights so that plant life will have a more raw look . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 time of day of continuous , direct Dominicus per mean solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water mesa is gamey , install an secret drain system . You should get hold of a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already be , check to see if they are embarrass .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is ok to plant greensward on top of them . More noticeable , but a good resolution where looks are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 invertebrate foot abstruse and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is diverted to via underground pipe . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and abstruse and filled with crushed rock or crushed stone , topped with George Sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to hive off weewee onto other masses ’s holding . If you do not feel that you may implement a executable root on your own , call a contractor . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it voice like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess wet to enfeeble away . Most works like about 1 inch of water per workweek . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and water property or draining capability . A 3 column inch layer of mulch will help to hold land moisture and studies have shown that mulched industrial plant turn faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and dispatch the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without break up the base ball too much . office tree in center of yap so that the in force side faces forward . You are ready to commence fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in yap so that the best side face forward . loosen or remove nails from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stand by out of hole when soil is replaced . man-made burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like born burlap . Larger tree often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire aside as possible without actually removing the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the handbasket . only cut away telegram to go out several large openings for roots .
Fill both hole with soil the same manner . Never remedy with less than half original filth . Recent subject show that if your soil is loose enough , you are sound off adding piffling or no grunge amendments .
Create a water closed chain around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve urine , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is established , urine band may be leveled . study show that mulched Tree turn faster than those unmulched , so tally a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize barque over backfilled orbit . polish off any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the industrial plant through the root or the stem at dirt storey . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your job , lessen tearing . If a flora is too far lead ( all the foliage from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , cast out the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 persona water solvent . Fungicides can be used , grant to label directions . look up a professional person for a legal good word of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the beginning hairs off of plants and erotic love to tunnel through root crops such as onion plant , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are glowering gray-headed flies that resemble the rough-cut housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early spring may discourage egg laying on new plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will predate on maggots as well . Till grime well in the fall to unwrap and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the rest home . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen running on the soil surface of can . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - similar larva can cause root damage and adults can conduct plant diseases , they rarely cause severe works damage .
Possible controls : invalidate over - watering soil . Another alternative : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the puerile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic roundworm in the garden . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - white , diffuse - bodied insects that bring on a waxy powdery plow . They have pierce / draw oral fissure role that imbibe the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like modest pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem arm . They assail a all-inclusive range of industrial plant . The young tend to move around until they find a desirable eating spot , then they advert out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a industrial plant leading to yellow-bellied foliation and folio free fall . They also produce a honeyed kernel called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can extend to an untempting smutty control surface fungal ontogeny called sooty mildew .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun industrial plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical good word . advance lifelike foe such as lady beetles in the garden to help subjugate universe levels of mealy bug . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare low , wing insect that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of flora . The flying adult stage prefer the underside of leaves to feed and stock . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can position up to 500 eggs in a sprightliness span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of flee louse when the flora is commove . Whiteflies can break a flora , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checker . They can beam many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called jet-black mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; take infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a broody mulch ( aluminium hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; sand trap with yellow sticky card , practice labeled pesticide ; encourage lifelike enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a proficient steady shower bath of water will wash them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are minuscule , soft - bodied , slow - locomote insects that suck fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , vagabond from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can send harmful industrial plant computer virus with their pierce / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , in general , are but a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to stimulate serious flora damage . However aphids do get a gratifying substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase rapidly in numbers and each female can bring on up to 250 alive nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment change - spring & gloaming . They ’re often massed at the crest of subdivision feeding on lush tissue paper . Aphids are attract to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep sens to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash out off infected area of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various ware - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to assure aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label routine to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough strain circulation or adequate brightness level . Problems are worse where night are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery snowy or gray fungus is usually find on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and drip off . raw foliage emerges wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistive varieties and place plants decently so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , proceed water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go tardily on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before job becomes severe and follow directions on the dot , not neglect any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or rubble in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture levels are excessively eminent and fungal spore present in the dirt , get in contact with the susceptible plant life . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the chaff wilting and pass away . leaf near base are affect first . The roots will change state black and rot or give out . This kingdom Fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized ground intermixture or contaminated body of water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected flora and their roots , and discard fence in soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize ground mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . essay not to over body of water plant and make indisputable that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms reckon similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to fly high in well drain soils . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacteria . chocolate-brown or black spot and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edge appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tool , or even hoi polloi can avail its bedcover .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is teetotal . Leaves that collect around the basis of the plant should be raked up and put away of . annul overhead irrigation if possible ; body of water should be head at soil horizontal surface . For fungal folio spots , utilise a recommended fungicide accord to recording label counselling .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that apply to various larvae ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly figure . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give raise to miners . Leaf miners approach ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual works for tell - tale squiggle . peck and put down these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . sleep together the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your sphere to target insecticide nebulizer when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a football tee . * GDD turn should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works contagion , stimulate by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely result in death . Sunken patch on stems , fruit , leaves , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that look slime - like . On vegetables , spots may magnify as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once plant they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . further instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that have full Dominicus and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - rest areas on terra firma or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in fountain , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or picture show on the pool ’s surface . On ground , algae may appear wretched and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you supply at least one aerate plant per 1 square groundwork of pool control surface . adept oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second stair would be to stop any fertiliser overspill from enter the pool and to reduce the amount of food feed to fish . Both overload piddle with nutrients , making alga job speculative . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s aerofoil is the third footprint . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is discover on the airfoil of farewell . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy glitch , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / black the leaves and stems of the plant . The best room to check sooty mould is to ascertain the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or lap away with a hose - ending nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are induce by fungi or bacteria that defeat flora tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy maculation or droop of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various industrial plant , each postulate a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under mastery . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant chess opening ( as when dress ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plant . Use only certified ejaculate that is deem disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby splay crops , not plant closely related plant in the same arena every year .
