Background Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most economically of import and pop floricultural crops in the family Asteraceae . Chrysanthemum flowers vary substantially in term of color and pattern . However , the molecular mechanism controlling the development of chrysanthemum flowered colors and shapes remains an enigma .
Experts canvas a trim - flower chrysanthemum variety that produces normal capitulum composed of ray floweret with normally developed pistils and purple corollas and mutant capitulum comprising ray floret with green corolla and vegetative buds instead of pistils . Results . They conduct a whole - transcriptome analytic thinking of the differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) in the mutant and normal capitulum using third - generation and second - contemporaries sequence techniques . Besides , that identified the DEGs between the mutant and normal capitula to reveal important regulators underlying the differential development .
Mutant Chrysanthemum morifolium ' ZY ' plant . ( a ) Mutant and normal capitula . ( b ) Normal capitulum . ( c ) Mutant spike . ( d ) Vegetative bud in the mutant ear ( left ) and pistils in the normal capitulum ( right ) . ( e ) Normal re florets ( left ) and mutant ray florets ( aright ) . ( F ) New shoots from the mutant ear
Many transcription factors and genes related to the photoperiod and atomic number 31 pathways , floral organ identity , and the anthocyanin biogenesis nerve tract were differentially expressed between the normal and mutant capitula . A qualitative analysis of the pigments in the florets of normal and mutant capitulum indicated anthocyanins were synthesized and accumulated in the floret of normal capitula , but not in the florets of mutant capitula . These results provide clues regarding the molecular foundation of the transposition of Chrysanthemum morifolium beam florets with normally develop pistil and over-embellished corollas with mutant beam florets with light-green corolla and vegetive bud . Additionally , the study findings will facilitate to clarify the molecular mechanism underlie flowered organ ontogeny and contribute to the development of techniques for canvass the ordinance of blossom shape and color , which may enhance chrysanthemum breeding . Conclusions
The whole - transcriptome analysis of DEGs in mutant and normal C. morifolium capitula described herein argue the anthocyanin deficiency of the mutant capitula may be related to the mutation that replaces ray floret pistils with vegetal bud . Moreover , pistils may be need for the anthocyanin biosynthesis in the corollas of chrysanthemum ray florets .
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Liu , Hua & Luo , Chang & Chen , Dongliang & Wang , Yaqin & Guo , Shuang & Chen , Xiaoxi & Bai , Jingyi & Li , Mingyuan & Huang , Xinlei & Cheng , Xi & Huang , Conglin . ( 2021 ) . Whole - transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in the mutant and normal capitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium . BMC Genomic Data . 22 . 10.1186 / s12863 - 021 - 00959 - 2 .
